Summary & References

The character of the coast results from tectonic and structural imprint modified by local tectonics, physical processes and sedimentary processes. Modern coastlines have been formed in the regime of a rising sea level.

Classification schemes have been used to describe the coastal features. The most often used is that developed by Shepard. 1973 A practical approach to general observations of the coast is to use a hazard assessment scheme.

As the rising sea moved over the edges of the continents, a number of coastal types have been developed by the modification of the shoreline. These include:

Existing shorelines and coastal environments have been modified by human activities. Shorelines have been altered by structural modifications and marshes and estuaries have been encroached by construction.

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